Defendant pleaded guilty to the conspiracy count. Latin spiritus, usually in classical Latin "breath," replaced animus in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Greek pneuma.A grand jury indicted Defendant on four counts, including one count of conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine, 21 U.S.C. A distinction between soul and spirit (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (such as Greek psykhē and pneuma, Latin anima and spiritus) but "is without significance for earlier periods". This also is the sense in spirit level (1768), so called for the liquid in the clear tube.Īccording to Barnhart and OED, the earliest use of the word in English mainly is from passages in the Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Greek pneuma and Hebrew ruah. Hence spirits "volatile substance " the sense of which narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1670s. 1500 as "substance capable of uniting the fixed and the volatile elements of the philosopher's stone"). in alchemy as "volatile substance distillate" (and from c. 1600 as "frame of mind with which something is done," also "mettle, vigor of mind, courage."įrom late 14c.
in English as "character, disposition way of thinking and feeling, state of mind source of a human desire " in Middle English freedom of spirit meant "freedom of choice." It is attested from 1580s in the metaphoric sense of "animation, vitality," and by c.
The Spirit of '76 in reference to the qualities that sparked and sustained the American Revolution of 1776 is attested by 1797 in William Cobbett's "Porcupine's Gazette and Daily Advertiser." Louis) is attested from 1680s and was common after 1800. as "essential nature, essential quality." The non-theological sense of "essential principle of something" (as in Spirit of St. Spirit-world "world of disembodied spirits" is by 1829. Spirit-rapping, colloquial for spiritualism in the supernatural sense, is from 1852. as "ghost, disembodied soul of a person" (compare ghost (n.)). The meaning "supernatural immaterial creature angel, demon an apparition, invisible corporeal being of an airy nature" is attested from mid-14c. as "the soul as the seat of morality in man," and "extension of divine power to man inspiration, a charismatic state charismatic power," especially in reference to prophecy. as "divine substance, divine mind, God " also "Christ" or His divine nature also "the Holy Ghost divine power." Also by late 14c. There are no direct cognates." Compare conspire, expire, inspire. But de Vaan says the Latin verb is "Possibly an onomatopoeic formation imitating the sound of breathing. The Latin word also could mean "disposition, character high spirit, vigor, courage pride, arrogance." It is a derivative of spirare "to breathe," and formerly was said to be perhaps from a PIE *(s)peis- "to blow" (source also of Old Church Slavonic pisto "to play on the flute"). Mid-13c., "life, the animating or vital principle in man and animals," from Anglo-French spirit, Old French espirit "spirit, soul" (12c., Modern French esprit) and directly from Latin spiritus "a breathing (of respiration, also of the wind), breath " also "breath of a god," hence "inspiration breath of life," hence life itself.
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